https://homelocal.0pk.me/ Ñïðàâî÷íûå ìàòåðèàëû IT ru-ru Sun, 15 May 2011 14:37:33 +0400 MyBB/mybb.ru https://homelocal.0pk.me/viewtopic.php?pid=3#p3 <p>Ôàéëîâûå êîìàíäû|</p> <p>ls – ñïèñîê ôàéëîâ è êàòàëîãîâ<br />ls -al – ôîðìàòèðîâàííûé ñïèñîê ñî ñêðûòûìè êàòàëîãàìè è ôàéëàìè<br />cd dir – ñìåíèòü äèðåêòîðèþ íà dir<br />cd – ñìåíèòü íà äîìàøíèé êàòàëîã<br />pwd – ïîêàçàòü òåêóùèé êàòàëîã<br />mkdir dir – ñîçäàòü êàòàëîã dir<br />rm file – óäàëèòü file<br />rm -r dir – óäàëèòü êàòàëîã dir<br />rm -f file – óäàëèòü ôîðñèðîâàííî file<br />rm -rf dir – óäàëèòü ôîðñèðîâàííî êàòàëîã dir<br />cp file1 file2 – ñêîïèðîâàòü file1 â file2<br />cp -r dir1 dir2 – ñêîïèðîâàòü dir1 â dir2; ñîçäàñò êàòàëîã dir2, åñëè îí íå ñóùåñòâóåò<br />mv file1 file2 – ïåðåèìåíîâàòü èëè ïåðåìåñòèòü file1 â file2. åñëè file2 ñóùåñòâóþùèé êàòàëîã - ïåðåìåñòèòü file1 â êàòàëîã file2<br />ln -s file link – ñîçäàòü ñèìâîëè÷åñêóþ ññûëêó link ê ôàéëó file<br />touch file – ñîçäàòü file<br />cat &gt; file – íàïðàâèòü ñòàíäàðòíûé ââîä â file<br />more file – âûâåñòè ñîäåðæèìîå file<br />head file – âûâåñòè ïåðâûå 10 ñòðîê file<br />tail file – âûâåñòè ïîñëåäíèå 10 ñòðîê file<br />tail -f file – âûâåñòè ñîäåðæèìîå file ïî ìåðå ðîñòà, íà÷èíàåò ñ ïîñëåäíèõ 10 ñòðîê<br />----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------<br />Óïðàâëåíèå ïðîöåññàìè|</p> <p>ps – âûâåñòè âàøè òåêóùèå àêòèâíûå ïðîöåññû<br />top – ïîêàçàòü âñå çàïóùåííûå ïðîöåññû<br />kill pid – óáèòü ïðîöåññ ñ id pid<br />killall proc – óáèòü âñå ïðîöåññû ñ èìåíåì proc<br />bg – ñïèñîê îñòàíîâëåííûõ è ôîíîâûõ çàäà÷; ïðîäîëæèòü âûïîëíåíèå îñòàíîâëåííîé çàäà÷è â ôîíå<br />fg – âûíîñèò íà ïåðåäíèé ïëàí ïîñëåäíèå çàäà÷è<br />fg n – âûíåñòè çàäà÷ó n íà ïåðåäíèé ïëàí<br />Ïðàâà äîñòóïà íà ôàéëû<br />chmod octal file – ñìåíèòü ïðàâà file íà octal, ðàçäåëüíî äëÿ ïîëüçîâàòåëÿ, ãðóïïû è äëÿ âñåõ äîáàâëåíèåì: <br />4 – ÷òåíèå (r)<br />2 – çàïèñü (w)<br />1 – èñïîëíåíèå (x)</p> <p>Ïðèìåðû:<br />chmod 777 – ÷òåíèå, çàïèñü, èñïîëíåíèå äëÿ âñåõ<br />chmod 755 – rwx äëÿ âëàäåëüöà, rx äëÿ ãðóïïû è îñòàëüíûõ.<br />Äîïîëíèòåëüíûå îïöèè: man chmod.<br />----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------<br />SSH|</p> <p>ssh user@host – ïîäêëþ÷èòñÿ ê host êàê user<br />ssh -p port user@host – ïîäêëþ÷èòñÿ ê host íà ïîðò port êàê user<br />ssh-copy-id user@host – äîáàâèòü âàø êëþ÷ íà host äëÿ user ÷òîáû âêëþ÷èòü ëîãèí áåç ïàðîëÿ è ïî êëþ÷àì<br />----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------<br />Ïîèñê|</p> <p>grep pattern files – èñêàòü pattern â files<br />grep -r pattern dir – èñêàòü ðåêóðñèâíî pattern â dir<br />command | grep pattern – èñêàòü pattern â âûâîäå command<br />locate file – íàéòè âñå ôàéëû ñ èìåíåì file<br />----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------<br />Ñèñòåìíàÿ èíôîðìàöèÿ|</p> <p>date – âûâåñòè òåêóùóþ äàòó è âðåìÿ<br />cal – âûâåñòè êàëåíäàðü íà òåêóùèé ìåñÿö<br />uptime – ïîêàçàòü òåêóùèé àïòàéì<br />w – ïîêàçàòü ïîëüçîâàòåëåé îíëàéí<br />whoami – èìÿ, ïîä êîòîðûì âû çàëîãèíåíû<br />finger user – ïîêàçàòü èíôîðìàöèþ î user<br />uname -a – ïîêàçàòü èíôîðìàöèþ î ÿäðå<br />cat /proc/cpuinfo – èíôîðìàöèÿ ÖÏÓ<br />cat /proc/meminfo – èíôîðìàöèÿ î ïàìÿòè<br />man command – ïîêàçàòü ìàíóàë äëÿ command<br />df – ïîêàçàòü èíô. î èñïîëüçîâàíèè äèñêîâ<br />du – âûâåñòè “âåñ” òåêóùåãî êàòàëîãà<br />free – èñïîëüçîâàíèå ïàìÿòè è swap<br />whereis app – âîçìîæíîå ðàñïîëîæåíèå ïðîãðàììû app<br />which app – êàêàÿ app áóäåò çàïóùåíà ïî óìîë÷àíèþ<br />----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------<br />Àðõèâàöèÿ|</p> <p>tar cf file.tar files – ñîçäàòü tar-àðõèâ ñ èìåíåì file.tar ñîäåðæàùèé files<br />tar xf file.tar – ðàñïàêîâàòü file.tar<br />tar czf file.tar.gz files – ñîçäàòü àðõèâ tar ñ ñæàòèåì Gzip<br />tar xzf file.tar.gz – ðàñïàêîâàòü tar ñ Gzip<br />tar cjf file.tar.bz2 – ñîçäàòü àðõèâ tar ñ ñæàòèåì Bzip2<br />tar xjf file.tar.bz2 – ðàñïàêîâàòü tar ñ Bzip2<br />gzip file – ñæàòü file è ïåðåèìåíîâàòü â file.gz<br />gzip -d file.gz – ðàçæàòü file.gz â file<br />----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------<br />Ñåòü|</p> <p>ping host – ïðîïèíãîâàòü host è âûâåñòè ðåçóëüòàò<br />whois domain – ïîëó÷èòü èíôîðìàöèþ whois äëÿ domain<br />dig domain – ïîëó÷èòü DNS èíôîðìàöèþ domain<br />dig -x host – ðåâåðñèâíî èñêàòü host<br />wget file – ñêà÷àòü file<br />wget -c file – ïðîäîëæèòü îñòàíîâëåííóþ çàêà÷êó<br />----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------<br />Óñòàíîâêà ïàêåòîâ|</p> <p>Óñòàíîâêà èç èñõîäíèêîâ:<br />./configure<br />make<br />make install<br />dpkg -i pkg.deb – óñòàíîâèòü ïàêåò (Debian)<br />rpm -Uvh pkg.rpm – óñòàíîâèòü ïàêåò (RPM)<br />----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------<br />Êëàâèàòóðíûå ñî÷åòàíèÿ|</p> <p>Ctrl+C – çàâåðøèòü òåêóùóþ êîìàíäó<br />Ctrl+Z – îñòàíîâèòü òåêóùóþ êîìàíäó, ïðîäîëæòü ñ fg íà ïåðåäíåì ïëàíå èëè bg â ôîíå<br />Ctrl+D – ðàçëîãèíèòüñÿ, òîæå ñàìîå, ÷òî è exit<br />Ctrl+W – óäàëèòü îäíî ñëîâî â òåêóùåé ñòðîêå<br />Ctrl+U – óäàëèòü ñòðîêó<br />!! - ïîâòîðèòü ïîñëåäíþþ êîìàíäó<br />exit – ðàçëîãèíèòüñÿ</p> mybb@mybb.ru (hdimon1) Sun, 15 May 2011 14:37:33 +0400 https://homelocal.0pk.me/viewtopic.php?pid=3#p3 https://homelocal.0pk.me/viewtopic.php?pid=2#p2 <p>sudo apt-get install ttf-droid</p> mybb@mybb.ru (hdimon1) Sun, 15 May 2011 14:36:23 +0400 https://homelocal.0pk.me/viewtopic.php?pid=2#p2